A home-made crisis: The connection between the failure of good governance, mismanagement and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal
©2005
Masterarbeit
119 Seiten
Zusammenfassung
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract:
Nepal a country which is located between its powerful neighbours India and China is one of the poorest countries in the world. Nepal has never enjoyed much press coverage, that is, until February 2005, when the king Gyanendra dissolved the Nepali government and announced the state of emergency, which allowed him to rule the country exclusively. The international community regarded this decision as non-democratic and called on the king to restore universal human rights which were suspended according to the declaration of the state of emergency.
The king issued an official statement cited the ongoing, radicalised Maoist insurgency and the inability of the government to curb the movement as main reasons for his takeover. Nevertheless, high officials in the country and foreign observers question this pretence.
During the conduction of my field research in Nepal, I considered a combination of multiple causes as main reasons for the protracted Nepalese conflict. The main conflict parties, the political elite including the monarch, and the Maoist movement have strong negative perceptions of each other. The perception that Maoists are undertaking terrorist attacks to come into power because they want to disturb the peace of a stabile regime should be regarded as misguided. Even if personal ambitions have to be considered, interviewees mentioned several times that the Maoists are responding to grievances within the Nepalese society and that the political elite could not provide the basic needs for its population. This assumption can be supported by the published 40-Point Demands of the Maoists, which includes the demands of political rights, liberties, economic and social security. It becomes apparent that those asserted claims call for social responsibility, equality and justice. Furthermore, this poses the question, of whether the Maoist insurgency is a form of indicator or warning signal of the political, economic and social situation in Nepal.
In particular, it implies the fundamental question, how a state should operate and what kind of responsibilities the state has. The concept of good governance is regarded as a contemporary means and guarantor for an effective state. In every respect, good governance presupposes accountability, honesty or transparency of a state with all its institutions, but besides the structural characteristics the concept disregards the actions that will be undertaken by the […]
Nepal a country which is located between its powerful neighbours India and China is one of the poorest countries in the world. Nepal has never enjoyed much press coverage, that is, until February 2005, when the king Gyanendra dissolved the Nepali government and announced the state of emergency, which allowed him to rule the country exclusively. The international community regarded this decision as non-democratic and called on the king to restore universal human rights which were suspended according to the declaration of the state of emergency.
The king issued an official statement cited the ongoing, radicalised Maoist insurgency and the inability of the government to curb the movement as main reasons for his takeover. Nevertheless, high officials in the country and foreign observers question this pretence.
During the conduction of my field research in Nepal, I considered a combination of multiple causes as main reasons for the protracted Nepalese conflict. The main conflict parties, the political elite including the monarch, and the Maoist movement have strong negative perceptions of each other. The perception that Maoists are undertaking terrorist attacks to come into power because they want to disturb the peace of a stabile regime should be regarded as misguided. Even if personal ambitions have to be considered, interviewees mentioned several times that the Maoists are responding to grievances within the Nepalese society and that the political elite could not provide the basic needs for its population. This assumption can be supported by the published 40-Point Demands of the Maoists, which includes the demands of political rights, liberties, economic and social security. It becomes apparent that those asserted claims call for social responsibility, equality and justice. Furthermore, this poses the question, of whether the Maoist insurgency is a form of indicator or warning signal of the political, economic and social situation in Nepal.
In particular, it implies the fundamental question, how a state should operate and what kind of responsibilities the state has. The concept of good governance is regarded as a contemporary means and guarantor for an effective state. In every respect, good governance presupposes accountability, honesty or transparency of a state with all its institutions, but besides the structural characteristics the concept disregards the actions that will be undertaken by the […]
Leseprobe
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Daniela Hinze
A home-made crisis: The connection between the failure of good governance,
mismanagement and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal
ISBN: 978-3-8366-0406-2
Druck Diplomica® Verlag GmbH, Hamburg, 2007
Zugl. University of Lancaster, Lancaster, Großbritannien, MA-Thesis / Master, 2005
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C. Santiso, `Good Governance and Aid Effectiveness: The World Bank and Conditionality', in The
Georgetown Public Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Fall 2001), pp. 1-22: at p. 5
3
E. C. Murphy, ,Good Governance: Ein universal anwendbares Konzept?', in Internationale Politik, Vol.
57, No. 8 (August 2002), pp. 1-10
4
C. Santiso (2001), p. 4
5
World Bank, Managing Development The Governance Perspective (Washington D.C.: World Bank,
1991)
6
OECD, DAC Orientations on Participatory Development and Good Governance (Paris: OECD, 1993)
7
UNDP, Decentralised Governance Programme (New York: UNDP, 1996)
8
UNDP quoted by I. Johnson, Redefining the Concept of Governance (Gatineau: Canadian International
Development Agency, 1997), p. 1
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UNESCAP, What is Good Governance?, http://www.unescap.org/huset/gg/governance.htm
10
Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood (New York: Oxford University Press,
1995), p. 2
11
F. Cochrane, R. Duffy and J. Selby (ed.) (2003), p. 2
12
S. K. Gurung, `Conflict in Nepal: Redefining Good Governance in the present Context', in Readings on
Governance & Development, Vol. 4 (2005), pp. 26-37: at p. 26
13
C. Clapham, `The Challenge to the State in a Globalised World', in Jennifer Milliken (ed), State failure,
Collapse and Reconstruction (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003), p. 25
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I. Johnson (1997), p. 2
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D. Kaufmann; A. Kraay and Zoido-Lobatón, Aggregating Governance Indicators, Policy Research Work-
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World Bank (1997)
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ibid., p. 19
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G. S¡rensen, Democracy and Democratisation: Processes and Prospects in a Changing World (Oxford:
Westview Press, 1998), p. 3
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20
D. Held, States and Societies (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1983), p. 8
21
D. Held (1983), p. 15 and D. Held, Models of Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987), p. 268 and
D. Held and C. Pollitt, New Forms of Democracy (London: Sage Publications, 1986), p. 63
22
Common will is mostly seen as a will of the majority. In a democracy it is therefore essential to adopt
minority rights to guarantee the equality of all citizens.
23
G. Parry and M. Moran (eds.), Democracy and Democratisation (London and New York: Routledge,
1994), p. 4
24
UNDP, Reconceptualising Governance, Discussion Paper No.2 (New York: UNDP, 1997), p. 8
25
UNESCAP, What is Good Governance?, http://www.unescap.org/huset/gg/governance.htm
26
World Bank (1997), p. 10
27
UNDP (1997), p. 8
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28
D. R. Dahal, The Challenge of Good Governance: Decentralisation and Development in Nepal (Kath-
mandu: Centre for Governance and Development Studies, 1996), p. 2
29
OECD (1993), p. 5
30
UNESCAP, What is Good Governance?, http://www.unescap.org/huset/gg/governance.htm
11
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31
Peter Wilkin (2000) quoted by C. Thomas, Global Governance, Development and Human Security: the
challenge of poverty and inequality (London: Pluto Press, 2000), p. 3
32
The Australian Government's Overseas Aid Program, Good Governance: Guiding Principles for imple-
mentation, http://www.ausaid.gov/publications/pdf/good_governance.pdf
33
Ibid.
34
C. Santiso (2001), p. 7
35
Roger Kerr (Executive Director of the New Zealand Business Roundtable) has written a report about the
term `neoliberal' wondering why the prefix `neo' is necessary. Instead, someone could write just `liberal' or
`economic liberalisation' because the old and new concept of liberalism is similar. [see R.Kerr, What's all
this about `neoliberalism'?, Act Wellington Regional Meeting (Wellington: New Zealand Business Round-
table, 2002)] The term `neoliberal' will be used throughout the dissertation even if this term is subject of a
controversial discussion.
12
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36
D. Held (1987), p. 41
37
J. Rapley, Globalization and Inequality: Neoliberalism's Downward Spiral (Boulder, London: Lynne Ri-
enner Publishers, 2004), p. 76
38
Clapham noted also the creation of a social and political structure, which would result a new world or-
der.
39
C. Clapham (2003), p. 25
40
J. Rapley (2004), p. 81
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J. Rapley (2004), p. 76
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C. Thomas (2000), p. 34
43
A. MacEwan, Neo-liberalism or Democracy? Economic Strategy, Markets and Alternatives for the 21
st
century (London: Zed Books, 1999), p. 55
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S. Corbridge, Capitalist World Development: A Critique of Radical Development Geography (London:
Macmillan Education Ltd., 1986), p. 129
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Dev Raj Dahal, personal interview on 15 March 2005 in Kathmandu
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J. Rapley (2004), p. 82
47
D. Held (1983), p. 24 and D. R. Dahal, The State, Society and Development: Competing Theories, in
Readings on Governance & Development, Vol. 3 (2004), pp. 54-83: at p. 66
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W. Dierckxsens, The Limits of Capitalism: An Approach to Globalisation and Neoliberalism (London,
New York: Zedbooks, 2000), p. 86
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49
C. Thomas (2000), p. 35
50
A. MacEwan (1999), p. 74
51
Sanjaya Lall quoted by S. Corbridge (1986), p. 166
52
T. Höivik, `Social Inequality: The main issues', in Journal for Peace Research, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1971), pp.
119-142: at p. 119
53
C. Gilbert; A. Powell and D. Vines, `Positioning the World Bank', in Economic Journal Vol. 109 (1999),
No. 459, pp. 598-633: at p. 631
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C. Santiso (2001), p. 9
55
Crisp and Kelly analysed the correlation, such as GDP and per capita income, people living under pov-
erty level, inflation etc.
56
B. Crisp and M. J. Kelly, `The Socioeconomic Impacts of Structural Adjustment', in International Studies
Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (September 1999), pp. 533-552: at p. 533
57
Ibid., p. 545 and 548
58
J. Rapley (2004), p. 89
59
K. A. Elliott; D. Kar and J. D. Richardson, Assessing Globalisation's Critics: ,,Talkers are no good do-
ers???", http://www.iie.com/publications/wp/02-5.pdf
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60
S. K. Gurung, `Conflict in Nepal: Redefining Good Governance in the present Context', in Readings on
Governance & Development, Vol. 4 (2005), pp. 26-37: at p. 27
61
UNDP, Nepal Human Development Report 2001: Poverty Reduction and Governance (Kathmandu:
United Nations Country Team Nepal, 2001), p. 11
62
T. Höivik (1971), p. 119
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63
R. I. Rotberg, State Failure and State Weaknesses in time of Terror (Washington D.C.: Brookings Insti-
tution Press, 2003), p. 3-4
64
C. Thomas (2000), p. 6
65
D. Dickens, The Human Face of Security: Asia-Pacific Perspective, Canberra Papers on Strategy and
Defence (No. 144) (Canberra: Australia National University, 2002), p. 5
66
Developing countries were randomly selected without any intention to use the statistics in the following
argumentation. The example of Nepal was omitted because the statistics will be analysed in detail in
chapter 3.
Details
- Seiten
- Erscheinungsform
- Originalausgabe
- Jahr
- 2005
- ISBN (eBook)
- 9783956362576
- ISBN (Paperback)
- 9783836604062
- Dateigröße
- 2.1 MB
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Institution / Hochschule
- Lancaster University – Department of Politic and International Relations, Studiengang MA in Conflict Resolution
- Note
- 1,0
- Schlagworte
- good governance tsetung friedensforschung konfliktmanagement nepal
