China - World Power Of The 21st Century?
A Research of the Automotive Industry
©2004
Projektarbeit
104 Seiten
Zusammenfassung
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction:
The approach of this research paper is to give an overview about the Chinese automotive industry. An analysis of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) shows the investment possibilities for foreign automotive manufactures. This research introduces the major opportunities and threats of political, social, economical, environmental, technological and legal dimensions within China.
In the first part the Political System will be analysed by Christian Lutz. The historical and cultural roots are important to understand the political developments. The theoretical and actual politcal system and their problems will be shown. He also reflects the Social System with its different specifications. The current fall-back system with community health, retirement pension and unemployment will be analysed. Furthermore the potential opportunities and risks for automotive investors will be addressed.
In the third part Economy Benjamin Pflüger point out that China is potentially the largest and one of the fatest-growing automotive markets in the world and therefore significant for all foreign automobile manufactures. There are both great opportunities and possible threats existing in China. The huge population, economic growth, increasing income and improved environment for consumers as well as China`s membership of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are important for the future development of the global economy. This also leads to unavoidable consequences for the environment. The current situation and the environmental impact of China`s motorization, such as infrastructure shortage and air pollution, will be presented in sup-topic Environment.
In the fifth chapter Technology Thorsten Iwanowski will introduce aspects of technology and technology management in China. As nowadays the main form of investment is the joint venture, this will be focused. The accelerating technological development within the last decades does not only generate advantages for the Chinese people. After having created several constitutions within the last 50 years, a modern and future oriented one has been passed. This constitution basing the new legal system will require fast and further legal rules and laws to meet the challenges of the Chinese future. These circumstances and their influence on the automobile industry will be pointed out in the part Legal System.
The last years show an increasing volume of Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIE) within […]
The approach of this research paper is to give an overview about the Chinese automotive industry. An analysis of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) shows the investment possibilities for foreign automotive manufactures. This research introduces the major opportunities and threats of political, social, economical, environmental, technological and legal dimensions within China.
In the first part the Political System will be analysed by Christian Lutz. The historical and cultural roots are important to understand the political developments. The theoretical and actual politcal system and their problems will be shown. He also reflects the Social System with its different specifications. The current fall-back system with community health, retirement pension and unemployment will be analysed. Furthermore the potential opportunities and risks for automotive investors will be addressed.
In the third part Economy Benjamin Pflüger point out that China is potentially the largest and one of the fatest-growing automotive markets in the world and therefore significant for all foreign automobile manufactures. There are both great opportunities and possible threats existing in China. The huge population, economic growth, increasing income and improved environment for consumers as well as China`s membership of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are important for the future development of the global economy. This also leads to unavoidable consequences for the environment. The current situation and the environmental impact of China`s motorization, such as infrastructure shortage and air pollution, will be presented in sup-topic Environment.
In the fifth chapter Technology Thorsten Iwanowski will introduce aspects of technology and technology management in China. As nowadays the main form of investment is the joint venture, this will be focused. The accelerating technological development within the last decades does not only generate advantages for the Chinese people. After having created several constitutions within the last 50 years, a modern and future oriented one has been passed. This constitution basing the new legal system will require fast and further legal rules and laws to meet the challenges of the Chinese future. These circumstances and their influence on the automobile industry will be pointed out in the part Legal System.
The last years show an increasing volume of Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIE) within […]
Leseprobe
Inhaltsverzeichnis
ID 8632
Pflüger, Benjamin, Lutz, Christian, Riek, Oliver, Iwanowski, Thorsten: China - World
Power Of The 21st Century ? - A Research of the Automotive Industry
Hamburg: Diplomica GmbH, 2005
Zugl.: Fachhochschule Nürtingen, Projektarbeit, 2004
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Autorenprofil Benjamin Pflüger 1
.../2
AUTORENPROFIL
Benjamin Pflüger
Dipl.-Betr. (BA)
Fontanestr. 10
71277 Rutesheim
Telefon (07152) 337730
Telefax (07152) 337730
eMail: benjamin_pflueger@web.de
meine persönlichen Daten
geboren am 31.10.1978 in Filderstadt
ledig, ortsungebunden
meine wichtigsten Eigenschaften
Einsatzbereitschaft und Belastbarkeit; Kommunikationsstärke, breites
Wissen im Bereich Finanzdienstleistungen und Vertrieb; Kreativität,
Verhandlungsgeschick, Flexibilität; Auslandserfahrung;
Innovationsbereitschaft; Motivator, Verantwortungsbewusstsein;
analytisches Denkvermögen; Teamfähigkeit
angestrebter Aufgabenbereich
Assistenz der Geschäftsleitung (kaufmännisch)
oder im Vertrieb mit Leitungsfunktion
Studium: 10/03 - voraussichtlich 12/05
Master of Business Administration ,,Investment & Financial Services"
an der Hochschule Nürtingen und der Berufsakademie Stuttgart
01.10.98 - 27.09.01
Duales Studium an der Berufsakademie Stuttgart zum
Diplom-Betriebswirt (BA) Fachrichtung Versicherung
Partnerfirma: Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG, Stuttgart
Praxisphasen:
1. Semester: Privatkundenabteilung
2. Semester: Firmenkundenabteilung
3. Semester: Versicherungstechnische Abteilung
4. Semester: Projektarbeit ,,Beschwerdemanagement"
5. Semester: Verkaufsförderung
6. Semester: Maklerbetreuung
Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten:
Projektarbeit im Rahmen des MBA-Studiums:
Pensionszusagen Tickende Zeitbomben für mittelständische
Unternehmen und Wege zu ihrer Entschärfung (09/04)
Research Paper im Rahmen des MBA-Studiums:
,,China - World Power of the 21st Century?" (04/04)
Diplomarbeit:
Strukturvertriebe im Finanzdienstleistungsmarkt:
Eine differenzierte Analyse aus vertrieblicher,
kundenorientierter und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht (05/01)
Projektarbeit:
Motivationsparamter im Versicherungsvertrieb (03/00)
Autorenprofil Benjamin Pflüger 2
Studienabschluss: Diplom-Betriebswirt (BA)
Bachelor of Arts
Auslandserfahrung: Summer School South Korea 2004 (Juli/August 2004)
Berufstätigkeit: seit 01.10.02
Kundenbetreuer der Filialdirektion Ludwigsburg
Schwerpunkte:
Betriebliche Altersversorgung & Asset Management
Beratung von international tätigen Firmenkunden,
Geschäftsführern und Privatkunden (englisch und deutsch)
07.01.02 - 30.09.02 Außendienstausbildung
siehe Weiterbildung
28.09.01 - 31.12.01 Referent der Verkaufsförderung
der Allianz Versicherungs-AG in Stuttgart
Wettbewerbsanalysen, Erstellung von Verkaufshelfern,
Angebotswesen, Aktionen im Bereich der betrieblichen
Altersversorgung, Firmenkundenberatung
01.10.98 - 27.09.01 Praxissemester bei der
Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG in Stuttgart (s.o.)
Weiterbildung: Außendienstausbildung:
07.01.02 - 01.02.02 Schulungen in Stuttgart
04.02.02 - 08.02.02 Agentureinsatz in Rutesheim
11.02.02 - 01.03.02 Schulungen in Stuttgart
04.03.02 - 28.03.02 Außendienstinspektorat in Ulm
01.04.02 - 30.04.02 Agentureinsatz in Rutesheim
01.05.02 - 14.05.02 Schulungen in Stuttgart
15.05.02 - 30.09.02 Agentureinsatz in Rutesheim
Besondere Kenntnisse:
PC-Kenntnisse:
Word sehr gut
Excel sehr gut
PowerPoint sehr gut
Internet sehr gut
Fremdsprachen:
Englisch 9 Jahre; verhandlungs-präsentationssicher
Business Englisch während des BA-Studiums
Latein 5 Jahre; Grundkenntnisse
Französisch 3 Jahre; Grundkenntnisse
Hobbys und Interessen: Finanzen, Multimediales, Jugendarbeit, Klavier, Sport
Soziales Engagement: März 1995 bis September 2001 Leiter einer
Jugendgruppe im CVJM Rutesheim
Autorenprofil Christian Lutz 1
.../2
AUTORENPROFIL
Christian Lutz
Dipl.-Betriebsiwrt (FH)
Leibnizweg 3
71332 Waiblingen
Telefon (07151) 502323
Telefax (07151) 9816087
eMail: lutz.christian@web.de
meine persönlichen Daten
geboren am 22.06.1969 in Waiblingen
verheiratet, 2 Kinder
meine wichtigsten Eigenschaften
Einsatzbereitschaft und Belastbarkeit; Kommunikationsstärke,
breites Wissen im Bereich Finanzdienstleistungen und Vertrieb;
Zielstrebigkeit, Organisationsgeschick, Interesse am Management,
Positive Grundeinstellung
angestrebter Aufgabenbereich
Leitungsfunktion im Kreditbereich/Vertrieb/Vorstandssekretariat
eines Kreditinstitut
Ausbildung/ Studium: 09/1990-05/1992Ausbildung zum Bankkaufmann bei der
Kreissparkasse Waiblingen
10/1992 -10/1995 Grundstudium der
Wirtschaftswissenschaften an den Universitäten
Augsburg und Hohenheim
10/1995-09/1998 Studium der Betriebswirtschaftslehre
an der Fachhochschule Nürtingen Note Vordiplom: 2,4
Vertiefungsfächer:
Projektmanagement/Organisation
Bankbetriebslehre/-controlling
Wirtschaftsrecht
Thema der Diplomarbeit:
Zukünftige Managementherausforderungen anhand
ganzheitlich vernetzter Szenario-Methodik bewältigen
Studienabschluss: Dipl. Betriebswirt (FH), Abschlußnote: 2,0
10/03 - voraussichtlich 12/05
Master of Business Administration ,,Investment and
Financial Services" an der Hochschule Nürtingen
Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten:
Research Paper im Rahmen des MBA-Studiums:
,,China
- World Power of the 21st Century?" (04/04)
Projektarbeit:
Financial Covenants Klare Zielvorgaben
an Kreditnehmer (09/04)
Autorenprofil Christian Lutz 2
Berufstätigkeit 10/1998-04/1999Traineeprogramm bei der Bayerischen
Landesbank, München mit den Stationen
Konzernentwicklung, Firmenkunden NL Düsseldorf,
Sparkassen-Anlagegeschäft.
04/1999-10/2000: Unternehmensbereich
Konzernmarketing und -controlling, Risikocontroller mit
Schwerpunkt strategische Projektarbeiten. Funktion
dabei sowohl Projektmitglied als auch Teilprojektleiter
seit 10/2000 Kreissparkasse Esslingen-Nürtingen
Firmenkundenberater mit eigenverantwortlicher
Referatsübernahme und nachweislichen
Akquisitionserfolgen
Praktika: 1992-1996 Vier- bis zwölfwöchige Praktika bei der
Kreissparkasse Waiblingen (Filialeinsätze,
Kreditabteilung und Vorstandssekretariat).
1995 Achtwöchiges Praktikum beim Deutschen
Sparkassen- und Giroverband, Bonn Abteilung
Privatkundenmarkt.
1996 Sechsmonatiges Praxissemester beim Deutschen
Sparkassen- und Giroverband, Bonn Abteilung
Marktstrategie. Schwerpunkt Prototyping Controlling für
Vertriebsweg ,,Immobilienzentrum"
Besondere Kenntnisse:
PC-Kenntnisse:
Word sehr gut
Excel sehr gut
PowerPoint sehr gut
Internet sehr gut
Fremdsprachen:
Englisch - in Wort und Schrift
- Business Englisch während
des FH-Studiums
Französisch - Grundkenntnisse
Hobbys und Interessen: Familie, Joggen, Wandern, Chorgesang, Pflegen alter
und neuer Freundschaften
... / 2
AUTORENPROFIL
Oliver Riek
Dipl.-Ing. (BA)
Dipl.-Wirt.Ing. (FH)
Dipl.-Ing. (FH)
Eur.-Ing. (FEANI)
Gemeindehausweg 8
73560 Böbingen / Rems
Telefon (07173) 184653
Telefax (07173) 184654
eMail: OliRiek@aol.com
meine persönlichen Daten
geboren am 18.04.1971 in Mutlangen
ledig, ortsungebunden
meine wichtigsten Eigenschaften
Einsatzbereitschaft und Belastbarkeit; breites Wissen in Betriebswirtschaft,
Informatik und Technik; Flexibilität; Auslandserfahrung; Innovationsbereitschaft;
Verantwortungsbewusstsein; analytisches Denkvermögen; Teamfähigkeit
angestrebter Aufgabenbereich
Im Controlling mit Leitungsfunktion oder Assistenz der Geschäftsführung
(kaufmännisch und/oder technisch)
Studium und Titel
Akad.-Grad: Master of Business Administration
Seit 10.03 -
bis ca. 12.05
Nebenberufliches MBA Stu-
dium an der Fachhochschule
Nürtingen und Berufsakade-
mie Stuttgart
Schwerpunkt: Investments and Financial Services
Titel:
Europa-Ingenieur (FEANI)
Seit 02.05
Fédération Européenne
d´Associations Nationales
d´Ingénieurs (FEANI), Paris
und Brüssel
Hintergrund: Verleihung des Titel Eur.-Ing. aufgrund der
Berufserfahrung und fachlichen Fähigkeiten
Akad.-Grad:
Diplomarbeit:
Diplom-Ingenieur (FH, Note: 1,8)
Einsatzmöglichkeiten der objektorientierten
Programmiersprache JAVA für Chipkarten in
der deutschen Kreditwirtschaft
03.97 - 07.98 Aufbaustudium der Informatik
an der Fachhochschule Ess-
lingen Hochschule für
Technik
Schwerpunkt: Informatik für den Maschinenbau
Akad.-Grad:
Diplomarbeit:
Diplom-Wirtschaftsingenieur (FH, Note: 1,8)
Target Costing in der Produktgestaltung
10.95 - 02.97 Aufbaustudium zum Wirt-
schaftsingenieur an der Fach-
hochschule Nürtingen
Schwerpunkt: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
Akad.-Grad:
Diplomarbeit:
Diplom-Ingenieur (BA, Note: 1,8)
Entwicklung eines Konzeptes für einen
Mikromanipulator mit Nanometergenauigkeit
10.92 - 09.95 Maschinenbaustudium an der
Berufsakademie Heidenheim
Staatliche Studienakademie
in Verbindung mit Carl Zeiss
in Oberkochen und Aalen
Schwerpunkt: Maschinenbau / Konstruktion
Autorenprofil Oliver Riek 2
... / 3
Berufliche Entwicklung
Seit 06.03
ZF Lenksysteme GmbH in
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Im Controlling des Geschäftsfeld Pkw Lenkungen.
Hauptaufgaben: Berichterstattung für die Geschäftsfeldleitung
und Geschäftsführung; Planung- und V-Ist-Erstellung; Monats-
abschluss und -berichterstattung; Projektcontrolling und Mit-
wirkung bei Kostensenkungs- sowie Verlagerungsprojekten;
Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnungen; Soll-Ist-Vergleiche und -Analysen.
09.02 - 05.03
ZF Lenksysteme GmbH in
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Im Controlling des Geschäftsfeld Pkw Lenkungen sowie
Auslands- / Beteiligungscontrolling.
Hauptaufgaben: Investitionsplanung, -kontrolle und -berichter-
stattung; Personalcontrolling und -berichtersattung; Kostenstel-
lencontrolling und -budgetierung; Mithilfe bei Planung- und V-Ist-
Erstellung; Mithilfe bei Monatsabschluss und -berichterstattung;
Projektcontrolling; Soll-Ist-Vergleiche und -Analysen; Betreuung
der Auslandsgesellschaft ZF Steerings Sdn Bhd in Malaysia.
04.02 - 09.02
ZUA Autoparts Inc. in
Oakwood / Georgia, USA
Tochterunternehmen von ZF
Lenksysteme GmbH und
Hitachi Unisia JECS
Corporation, Japan.
Als Accounting & Controlling Manager bei ZUA Autoparts
Inc. bis zur lokalen Neubesetzung dieser Position.
Hauptaufgaben: Berichterstattungen für ZUA, ZF Lenksysteme
GmbH und Hitachi Unisia JECS Corporation; Vorbereitung IAS-
/IFRS-Eröffnungsbilanz 2001; Planung- und V-Ist-Erstellung;
Monatsabschluss und -berichterstattung; Soll-Ist-Vergleiche und
-Analysen.
10.01 - 03.02 ZF Lenksysteme GmbH in
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Im Auslands- / Beteiligungs- und Konzerncontrolling.
Hauptaufgaben: Betreuung der Auslandsgesellschaften ZF
Steerings Sdn Bhd in Malaysia, ZF Sistemas de Direção Ltda.
in Brasilien und ZF India in Indien; Mitarbeit bei der Konzern-
planung und -berichtersattung; weltweites Bestandscontrolling;
Projektcontrolling.
09.00 - 09.01 B/S/H/ in Giengen / Brenz
und B/S/H/ Fabricaión, S.A.
in Esquirroz / Navarra,
Spanien
Projektcontrolling für standortübergreifendes, gesamteuro-
päisches Projekt "UNICOMBI", dabei 1 Woche pro Monat in
Spanien vor Ort.
08.98 - 09.01 B/S/H/ Bosch und Siemens
Hausgeräte GmbH in
Giengen an der Brenz
Im Produktbereichscontrolling des Produktbereichs Kälte.
Hauptaufgaben: Berichterstattung; Unterstützung und Beratung
der weltweiten Fabrikationsstandorte; Investitionscontrolling für
den gesamten Produktbereich; Mitarbeit in Konzernprojekten;
Durchgerechnete Ergebnisse von Einzelprodukten in den
verschiedenen Absatzländern; Erstellung des Business- bzw.
Geschäftsplans; Kostenstellenplanung.
07.97 - 07.98 Deutscher Sparkassen-
verlag in Stuttgart-Vaihingen
Halbtagestätigkeit als Controller parallel zum Aufbaustudium in
der Abteilung Produktkoordination für Unternehmensplanung und
Controlling im Bereich Kartensysteme.
Hauptaufgaben: Mithilfe bei Planung- und V-Ist-Erstellung; Mit-
hilfe beim Gemeinkostencontrolling des Bereichs; Mithilfe beim
Projektcontrolling.
Autorenprofil Oliver Riek 3
Fort- und Weiterbildung
01.03
Technische Akademie
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Microsoft Excel Makro-Programmierung und VBA für Excel
09.00
B/S/H Akademie
Projektmanagement
04.95 - 06.95 IHK Ostwürttemberg
Kurs zum Erwerb von berufs- und arbeitspädagogischen
Kenntnissen (AdA-Schein, Ausbilderschein)
05.93 - 03.94 REFA Landesverband
Baden-Württemberg
REFA-Sachbearbeiter Arbeitsstudium
Kenntnisse und Interessen
IT / DV
SAP R/2 und SAP R/3
Kostenstellenplanung in SAP R/2 + SAP R/3
Investitionsplanung in SAP R/2 + SAP R/3
Controlling und Ergebnisrechung in SAP R/3
Managementinformationssystem in SAP R/3
Vertriebsinformationssysteme in SAP R/3
Warenwirtschaftssysteme in SAP R/3
Maschinenstundensatzrechnung in SAP R/3
Anwendungen
MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-Access, MS-Power Point,
MS-Publisher, MS-Works, Corel Draw!
CAD-Kenntnisse
Hewlett-Packard ME 10 & Solid Designer
Finite Element Methode
Kenntnisse im FEM-Programm ANSYS
Simulationstechnik
Kenntnisse in MATLAB/SIMULINK, GPSS, ACSL, LogIC und
Analogrechnertechnik
Programmiersprachen
Kenntnisse in Assembler, C, C++ und Java
Grundkenntnisse in Visual Basic, Visual C++ und Smalltalk
Sprachen
englisch
gute Kenntnisse in Wort und Schrift (präsentationssicher)
französisch und spanisch
Grundkenntnisse aus Studium und Schulzeit
Soziales Engagement und
Hobbys
Seit 05.04
Stellvertretender Bezirksjugendwart im VLW für Bezirk Ost
Seit 01.99
Volleyball Landesverband
Württemberg e. V. (VLW)
Kleinfeldspielleiter im VLW für Bezirk Ost
Seit 06.04
TSV Böbingen 1906 e. V.
Volleyballtrainer Herren A-Klasse.
09.01 - 05.04 TSG Salach
Volleyballtrainer Damen Oberliga BW, Landesliga Nord.
01.92 - 12.02
Volleyballtrainer E- bis A-Jugend + Damen, B-/C-Klasse
01.94 - 12.02
Stellvertretender Leiter Volleyballgruppe
01.94 - 12.02
Volleyball-Jugendleiter
01.93 - 12.02
TSV Böbingen 1906 e. V.
Mitglied im Abteilungsausschuss als Vertreter Volleyballgruppe
Hobbys
Hallen- & Beach-Volleyball Aktiv und Trainer D-, C-, B-Trainerlizenz + Beachtrainerlizenz
Autorenprofil Thorsten Iwanowski 1
... / 2
AUTORENPROFIL
Thorsten Iwanowski
Diplom-Betriebswirt(BA)
Esselbachstraße 19
75438 Knittlingen
Telefon: 07043 - 951399
eMail:
thorsten.iwanowski@gmx.de
Persönliche Daten:
geboren am 22.08.77 in Freudenstadt
ledig, ortsungebunden
Wichtigste Eigenschaften:
Leistungsbereitschaft, breites Wissen in Betriebswirtschaft und Finanzen,
Flexibilität und Mobilität, Ideen, Kreativität, Geld- und Erfolgs-Know-how,
analytisches Denkvermögen, konzeptionelles Denken, Strategie
Angestrebter Aufgabenbereich:
Corporate Finance-, Strategie- oder Planungsabteilung, oder Research einer
Großbank, Privatbank oder internationalen Institution
Studium
Akad.-Grad: Master of Business Administration (MBA)
Seit 10.03 -
bis ca. 12.05
Nebenberufliches MBA Stu-
dium an der Fachhochschule
Nürtingen und Berufsakade-
mie Stuttgart (AFFM)
Schwerpunkt: Investments and Financial Services
Akad.-Grad:
Diplomarbeit:
Diplom-Betriebswirt(BA)(Note: 1,8)
Supply-Chain Management
09.97
09.00
Studium zum Diplom-
Betriebswirt (BA) an der
Berufsakademie Karlsruhe
Schwerpunkt: Material- und Fertigungswirtschaft
Finanz- und Rechnungswesen
Berufliche Entwicklung
Seit 10.00
E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau
GmbH in Oberderdingen
Im Produktmanagement des Geschäftsbereichs
Energieregler und Schalter.
Hauptaufgaben: Kundenprojekte, Absatz- und Umsatz-
Controlling, Markt- und Wettbewerbsanalysen, Unterstützung
der Werbeabteilung, Produktschulungen, Betreuung Trainees
und Auszubildende, Mitarbeit bei Strategien des
Geschäftsbereichs, Management des Produktlebenszyklus
07.97 - 08.97
Blanco GmbH & Co. In
Oberderdingen
In der Variantenkonfiguration des SAP R/3 Projekts.
Hauptaufgaben: Materialstammpflege, Stücklisten,
Arbeitspläne, Koordination der Aushilfskräfte, Produktnamen
1995 1997
Bedosoft Bürosysteme GmbH
in Bretten
Im Kundencenter:
Hauptaufgaben: Koordination Servicepersonal,
Lagercontrolling, Warenannahme, Kurierfahrten, Verkauf,
Dokumentationsmanagement, Servicehotline, Serviceverträge,
Unterstützung der Geschäftsführung
Autorenprofil
Thorsten Iwanowski
Fort- und Weiterbildung
CONTRAIN
Moderation
Haus Steinheim
Zeitmanagement
Intern
Patentrecht
Intern
English Crashkurs
Intern
SAP-Anwenderschulungen
Intern
SAP BIW-Anwenderschulung
Intern
Produkthaftung
Intern
Gefahrgutschulungen
VDI
Der Produktmanager
CDG
Management and Communication in Britain
Sal. Oppenheim
Derivate
Kenntnisse und Interessen
IT / DV
SAP R/3
Vertriebsmodul
Auswertungen
MM-Modul
MS Office
Sehr gute Kenntnisse, auch in MSAccess
SAP BIW
Professionelle Anwenderkenntnisse
MS Project
Erweiterte Kenntnisse
MindManager
Erweiterte Kenntnisse
MSFrontpage
Grundkenntnisse
Sprachen
englisch
Verhandlungssicher
spanisch
Grundkenntnisse aus Studium
Interessen
Strategisches Management Visionen, Strategien, Corporate Identity
Erfolgs-Know-how
Networking, Coaching, Wealth-Management, Self-Marketing
Makroökonomie
Finanzmärkte, Globalisierung, Institutionen
Finanzen
Börse, Wertpapiere, Investments
Trends
Raumfahrt, Erneuerbare Energien, Zukunftstechnologien
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page I
Table of contents
Table of contents ... I
Abbreviation... V
List of figures ... VII
List of tables ... VII
Preface ... 1
1
ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ... 2
1.1
C
ONFUCIUS
,
M
AO AND
X
IAOPING AS
I
NTELLECTUAL
F
ATHERS OF THE
C
URRENT
S
YSTEM
... 2
1.2
T
HE
T
HEORETICAL
C
HINESE
P
OLITICAL
S
YSTEM
T
ODAY
... 3
1.2.1
The Communist Party of China... 3
1.2.2
State Political Structure ... 4
1.2.3
People's Liberation Army... 5
1.3
T
HE
A
CTUAL
C
HINESE
P
OLITICAL
S
YSTEM
T
ODAY
... 5
1.3.1
Economic reforms... 5
1.3.2
Social Pluralism ... 6
1.3.3
Farewell to the One-Party-System... 6
1.4
O
PPORTUNITIES AND
T
HREATS
U
NDER THE
P
OLITICAL
S
YSTEM
... 6
1.4.1
Opportunities ... 6
1.4.2
Threats ... 7
1.4.3
Proposals for Automotive Investors ... 8
2
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ... 9
2.1
I
NTERNATIONAL
C
OMPARISON OF
C
HINA
'
S
S
OCIAL
S
TATUS
D
EVELOPMENT
... 9
2.2
T
HE
C
URRENT
F
ALLBACK
S
YSTEM
... 10
2.2.1
The Role of the Family... 10
2.2.2
Community Health ... 10
2.2.3
Retirement Pension ... 11
2.2.4
Unemployment ... 12
2.3
O
PPORTUNITIES AND
T
HREATS FROM THE
S
OCIAL
S
YSTEM FOR
A
UTOMOTIVE
I
NVESTORS
... 13
2.3.1
Opportunities ... 13
2.3.2
Threats ... 14
2.3.3
Proposals for Automotive Investors ... 15
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page II
3
ECONOMY ... 16
3.1
T
HE
C
HINESE
E
CONOMIC
M
IRACLE
... 16
3.2
C
HINA
'
S
I
NFLUENCE ON THE
W
ORLD
E
CONOMY
... 17
3.3
T
HE
A
UTOMOBILE
S
ECTOR IN
C
HINA
... 17
3.3.1
Opportunities ... 18
3.3.1.1 Advantages of the Chinese Automobile Market... 18
3.3.1.2 Demand Growth in China... 19
3.3.1.3 GDP Growth... 19
3.3.1.4 Improved Conditions in the Automobile Industry ... 20
3.3.2
Threats ... 21
3.3.2.1 Key Rules for Foreign Investors ... 21
3.3.2.2 Over Capacity in the Automobile Industry ... 22
3.3.2.3 Growing Competition... 22
3.4
O
UTLOOK
... 23
4
ENVIRONMENT ... 24
4.1
G
EOGRAPHY AND
P
OPULATION
... 24
4.1.1
Location, Area and Topography... 24
4.1.2
Energy and Mineral Resources in China... 25
4.1.3
Demography... 25
4.2
E
NVIRONMENTAL
I
MPACT
O
F
C
HINA
`
S
M
OTORIZATION
... 25
4.2.1
Infrastructure shortage ... 26
4.2.2
Energy Consumption and its Implications ... 26
4.2.3
Air Pollution ... 27
4.3
O
UTLOOK
... 29
5
TECHNOLOGY ... 30
5.1
C
HINA AFTER
W
ORLD
W
AR
II ... 30
5.1.1
China's postwar recovery ... 30
5.1.2
The industrial development until the late 1980s ... 30
5.1.3
The situation after the fall of the communist system ... 30
5.2
T
HE TECHNOLOGY OF
C
HINA
'
S AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
... 31
5.2.1
Opportunities ... 31
5.2.1.1 Key technologies... 31
5.2.1.2 From technology transfer to technology management ... 31
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page III
5.2.1.3 Technology in China ... 33
5.2.1.3.1 The project 863 ... 33
5.2.1.3.2 Automotive technology in China ... 33
5.2.1.3.3 The Chinese Academy of Sciences ... 34
5.2.2
Threats ... 35
5.2.2.1 The providers of Chinese technology... 35
5.2.2.2 Technology and the Chinese... 35
5.2.2.3 Centres of technology ... 36
5.3
T
HE TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURE OF
C
HINA
... 36
5.3.1
Developing and managing of future key technologies an opportunity ? ... 36
5.3.2
The outlook future technologies will bring a threat ? ... 37
5.3.3
The Chinese, the technology and the 21
st
century an outlook... 37
6
LEGAL SYSTEM ... 38
6.1
C
HINA
'
S LEGAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT
... 38
6.1.1
The legal system implemented by the new socialist regime... 38
6.1.2
The legal changes by the socialist government ... 38
6.1.3
The legal opening after the fall of the communist empire... 38
6.2
T
HE CURRENT LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE
R
EPUBLIC OF
C
HINA
... 39
6.2.1
Opportunities ... 39
6.2.1.1 The current constitution... 39
6.2.1.2 The economic law ... 39
6.2.1.2.1 Economic offices and treaty partners (Horn, 1987, pp. 16 ff.)... 39
6.2.1.2.2 The law of control of foreign economy (Horn, 1987, pp.21 ff.) ... 40
6.2.1.2.3 The contract law (Horn, 1987, pp. 69, ff.) ... 41
6.2.1.3 Tax laws... 42
6.2.1.3.1 Common rules (Stricker an Tischbirek, 1987, pp. 282 f.)... 42
6.2.1.3.2 Base of taxation and profit (Stricker and Tischbirek, 1987, p. 283 )... 42
6.2.1.3.3 Tax benefits (Stricker and Tischbirek, 1987, p. 283 )... 42
6.2.2
A threat: Patent and trademark protecting laws (Müller, 1982, p. 299) ... 42
6.3
T
HE OUTLOOK OF
C
HINESE LEGAL SYSTEM
... 43
6.3.1
The reforms as a way to global opening an opportunity ?... 43
6.3.2
The legal focus of international organisations an opportunity ?... 43
7
DIRECT INVESTMENTS ... 44
7.1
P
OSSIBILITIES OF
D
IRECT
I
NVESTMENTS WITHIN
C
HINA
... 44
7.1.1
Processing & Assembly Agreement... 45
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page IV
7.1.2
Compensation Trade Agreement... 46
7.1.3
Co-Production Agreement ... 46
7.1.4
Joint Raw Material Extraction and Construction Projects... 46
7.1.5
Joint Ventures and Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises... 47
7.1.5.1 Equity Joint Venture - EJV ... 47
7.1.5.2 Contractual Joint-venture - CJV ... 48
7.1.5.3 Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise - WFOE... 49
7.1.6
Foreign Funded Companies Limited by Shares ... 49
7.1.7
Holdings ... 50
7.1.8
Overview ... 51
7.2
M
EASURES TO
P
REVENT
D
ISADVANTAGES
... 53
7.2.1
Selection of "Right" Partners ... 53
7.2.2
Patience with Negotiations ... 54
7.2.3
Know How Protection ... 54
7.3
P
ROMOTION OF
D
IRECT INVESTMENTS
... 54
7.3.1
European Programs ... 54
7.3.2
Federal Program-KfW-Mittelstandsprogramm Ausland/Unternehmenskredit Ausland
54
7.3.3
Guarantees for Investments in China - Federal Guarantees... 55
7.3.4
Overview ... 55
Abstract ... 56
Appendix... 57
References ... 75
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page V
Abbreviation
AI
Artificial Intelligence
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
app.
Approximately
bil.
Billion
BMW
Bayrische Motorenwerke
BMZ
Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit
CC
Central Committee
CCPIT
The chamber of foreign trade
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CITIC
Special companies, having foreign trade tasks
CJV
Contractual Joint Venture
CNG
Clean Natural Gas
CPC
The Communist Party of China
e.g.
exemplum gratum
ECIP
European Community Investment Partners
EJV
Equity Joint Venture
FAW
First Automative Works
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FIE
Foreign Invested Enterprise
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GM
General Motors
GmbH
Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
GNP
Gross National Product
HDI
Human Development Index
HDR
Human Development Report
IT
Information Technology
KfW
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
KMU
Kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
mil.
Million
MOFERT Ministry of Foreign Economic Relation and Trade
MOFTEC Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
OEM
Original Equipment Manafacturer
PC
Personal Computer
PLA
People's Liberation Army
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page VI
PR
People`s Republic
PRC
People's Republic of China
R&D
Research and Development
RMB
Renminbi
Yuan
(curreny in PR China)
SAIC
Shanghai Automotive Industrial Corporation
SEPA
State Environmental Protection Administration
SVW
Shanghai Volkswagen
UNDP
United Nation Development Program
US
United States
VW
Volkswagen
WFOE
Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise
WTO
World Trade Organisation
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page VII
List of figures
Figure 1: Member Structure of the CPC... 3
Figure 2: The political and administrative system of the PRC... 4
Figure 3: Human Development Index... 9
Figure 4: China`s unique economic development ... 16
Figure 5: China Sedan Market vs. Other Major World Markets ... 19
Figure 6: The GDP / Capita vs. Vehicle Density: Top 25 Auto Markets ... 20
Figure 7: Divergent Sub-Markets... 24
Figure 8: Modern Chinese Skyline... 33
Figure 9: Chinese car production ... 33
Figure 10: Shanghai automotive fair... 35
Figure 11: View on Shanghai... 36
Figure 12: Realised Foreign Direct Investments in PR China 2002. ... 44
Figure 13: Direct Investments by Type... 45
Figure 14: Development of main FDI by Form from 1999 - 2003... 47
List of tables
Table 1:Economic Reform Indicators ... 5
Table 2: Opportunities from Political System... 7
Table 3: HDI indicators 2003 ... 9
Table 4: Opportunities from the Social System ... 14
Table 5: Comparision of Air Pollution Emission Standards for Gasoline Passenger Vehicles (grams/km) ... 28
Table 6: Overview for different possiblities of directinvestments (1). ... 51
Table 7: Overview for different possiblities of directinvestments (2). ... 52
Table 8: Overview for different possiblities of directinvestments (3). ... 53
Table 9: Promotion Programs. ... 55
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page 1
Preface
,,China ist ein schlafender Riese. Lasst ihn liegen und schlafen, denn wenn er sich erhebt, erzittert
die Welt" [Napoleon 1793] (Rudolph, 2004).
The approach of this research paper is to give an overview about the Chinese automotive industry.
An analysis of the People's Republic of China (PRC) shows the investment possibilities for foreign
automotive manufactures. This research introduces the major opportunities and threats of political,
social, economical, environmental, technological and legal dimensions within China.
In the first part the "Political System" will be analysed by Christian Lutz. The historical and cultural
roots are important to understand the political developments. The theoretical and actual politcal
system and their problems will be shown. He also reflects the "Social System" with its different
specifications. The current fall-back system with community health, retirement pension and
unemployment will be analysed. Furthermore the potential opportunities and risks for automotive
investors will be addressed.
In the third part "Economy" Benjamin Pflüger point out that China is potentially the largest and one
of the fatest-growing automotive markets in the world and therefore significant for all foreign
automobile manufactures. There are both great opportunities and possible threats existing in
China. The huge population, economic growth, increasing income and improved environment for
consumers as well as China`s membership of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are important
for the future development of the global economy. This also leads to unavoidable consequences
for the environment. The current situation and the environmental impact of China`s motorization,
such as infrastructure shortage and air pollution, will be presented in sup-topic "Environment".
In the fifth chapter "Technology" Thorsten Iwanowski will introduce aspects of technology and
technology management in China. As nowadays the main form of investment is the joint venture,
this will be focused. The accelerating technological development within the last decades does not
only generate advantages for the Chinese people. After having created several constitutions within
the last 50 years, a modern and future oriented one has been passed. This constitution basing the
new legal system will require fast and further legal rules and laws to meet the challenges of the
Chinese future. These circumstances and their influence on the automobile industry will be pointed
out in the part "Legal System".
The last years show an increasing volume of Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIE) within PRC. Thus
German companies have only low share in FIEs. A description of different forms of "Dircet
Investments" will be presented by Oliver Riek in chapter 7.
The authors intend to provide essential information for potential investors, so that this work serves
as a good support for an investment decision in China.
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page 2
1
Analysis of the Political System of the People's Republic of China C. Lutz
1.1
Confucius, Mao and Xiaoping as Intellectual Fathers of the Current System
To understand the political system and the society of the People's Republic of China (PRC) you
have to look at the historical roots of the country, Confucianism and the thoughts of Mao Zedong.
According to Staiger, Confucius [l551479 B.C.] developed a doctrine that insinuated social ethics
(Staiger, 2004). They [social ethics] focus on public policy and are comprised of religious
elements. Everything and everybody are concentrated on the reflection of the so-called ancient
system. Hierarchy stands above all. Here, an example of "Everything" from sentence before:
Parents above their children, upper class above lower class persons, all are obliged to the
hierarchal system. State superiority sets the moral example, to which its citizens are expected to
offer their due obedience in return. The religious element is apparent through ancestor worship.
"The reverence of ancestors was understood to be a binding obligation for descendants to
forefathers and was an expression of the child-like obedience" (Staiger, 2004 ¶ 5). Ancestors are
automatically bestowed with divine status, which deserve the appropriate respect and ceremonial
worship. This mindset is not only reflected in the public's everyday life or routines, but also in the
following described political system.
In addition to Confucius, Mao Zedong was the intellectual father of Chinese Communism. Soviet
Marxism-Leninism was the imported ideology for the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921
when the party was grounded. Zedong propagated the cadre party and the one-party-state, the
class struggle [countryman against workers], mass campaigns and the entire egalitarianism of the
people. Zedong implemented this in his era as president from March 1943 until his death
September 9, 1976. That his tenets didn't correspond with the Chinese idea of the man was
reflected in the Cultural Revolution [1966 1976] (Mackeras, Taneja, Young, 1993, pp. 5-16;
Heilmann, 2004).
As an ideological preordination occurs, Heilmann states, a modernization in industry, agriculture,
sciences/technology and defense take place (Heilmann, 2004, Staatsideologie ¶ 2-3,
Neuorientierung ¶ 1-4). As a result, since this time the CPC stands for "socialism with a Chinese
imprint". This means that the main focus of the party attaches importance to modernization of the
economy, the consolidation of the Party and also the orderliness of the state. Under the direction
of Den Xiaoping, it was decided that through market-economy- and capitalism methods, the living
standard will be increased and so, the battle against the poverty takes place. The aim of the
process was a modern industrial state, which was in accordance to living socialism (Heilmann,
2004, Reformer, ¶ 1-3). Thus critically analyzed, China used in fact a western-oriented market
economy and capitalistic methods, but these methods based on values like individualism and
pluralism, stand in inconsistency with "Chinese socialism". That the described socialism today is
only lip service, which is manifested in the party program, will be further explained in the following
chapters.
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page 3
1.2
The Theoretical Chinese Political System Today
1.2.1 The Communist Party of China
China as a state and the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) then and today are an inseparable
entity. The communist party has definitely formed the development of the PRC. Domes describes
the covering of the leading party position across the civil sector through three instruments (Domes,
1982, pp 72-74):
1. Provisions of state- and party law
2. Personal integration of the leading organs
3. Formation of party groups in all public authorities and all mass organizations
In 2003 66.9 million members belong to the party, which is approximately 5.2% of the population of
China (Rübezahl, 2003, p.14). For this reason, the CPC is the largest communist party in the world
(Pfennig, Franz and Barthel, 1983, p. 22). Organizational foundation is the so-called democratic
centralism. This said, in essence, all party organs and members are subordinate to the central
committee. In article 10 of the party bylaws, we will see clearly the hierarchical formed party-,
state- and society-system, found at Pfennig et al. (1983):
"Every party member is subordinate to the party organization. The minority is subordinate
to the majority, upper organizations are subordinate to higher organizations and all
members must subordinate to the country party congress and the central committee. (p.
23)"
Confucianism obedience is ramified throughout political and social life. Beginning with the
country's cultural revolutions and the in following decades after 1921, the CPC member structure
further defined the roots of the party. Pfennig et al. (1983) analyzed the structure:
1%
66%
19%
14%
Farmers
Workers
Intellectuals
Others
Figure 1: Member Structure of the CPC
Source: according to Pfennig et al (1983, p.22)
Another figure in the Appendix (see appendix 1, p. 58) exemplify who in the party organization
remains in power through elections from the bottom up, and the forbiddance of building factions.
The leading party cadres retain control of all significant facets in Chinese political life. Political
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page 4
control appreciates through the military and police, where political commissars in leading positions
play an important role (Heilmann, 2004, pp. 3-4).
1.2.2 State Political Structure
Since the formation of the PRC, five constitutions have been passed (in 1954, 1975 and 1978),
with the latest ratified by the National Congress in 1982. Herein the civil system is arranged and
structured, so that the folk retain sovereignty of the state. However, in actuality the party sits
above the folk, which theoretically isn't in accordance with the constitution (Heilmann, 2004,
Staatsaufbau, ¶ 1-3). The president (Hu Jiantao, since March 2003) has first and foremost
representative duties and responsibilities. But being also General Secretary of the CPC, he thus
holds on the most powerful office in the country. The Prime Minister (currently Wen Jiabao) and
the ministers of state are charged with the operative political work. The Chinese political structure
and the close interrelation between Party and State to the deepest levels are clarified in the table
below Heilmann (2004, p. 8) and Pfennig et al. (1983, p.38):
Standing Committe
(7 members)
Polit Office
(25 members, 3 candidates)
Standing Committe
(7 members)
Polit Office
(25 members, 3 candidates)
Secretary General
secretariat
(9 memebers, 2 candidates)
Secretary General
secretariat
(9 memebers, 2 candidates)
Central
Military Commission
Central
Military Commission
Central Committe
(210 members, 38 ca ndidates)
Central Committe
(210 members, 38 ca ndidates)
Country Party Congres
(at least 1600 mem bers)
Country Party Congres
(at least 1600 mem bers)
Party Congress
Province level
Party Congress
Province level
Party Congress
canton-/area level
Party Congress
canton-/area level
Base Organisations
on commune and cottage level
Base Organisations
on commune and cottage level
Disciplinary Commission (32 menb.)
Disciplinary Commission (32 menb.)
Adv isory Commission (172 Mitgl.)
Adv isory Commission (172 Mitgl.)
Disciplinar y Commission
Disc iplinar y Commission
Advisor y Commission
Advisor y Commission
Disciplinar y Commission
Disc iplinar y Commission
Party Committees
Party Committees
StC
Sec.
Party Committees
Party Committees
StC
Sec.
Party Committees
Party Committees
StC
Sec.
Chinese State Council
Commission
Ministerials
Chinese State Council
Commission
Ministerials
National Public
Congress
Standing Committe
National Public
Congress
Standing Committe
Province
Government
Province
Government
Area-/Canton
Government
Area-/Canton
Government
Commune Government
Cottage Committe
Commune Government
Cottage Committe
President
President
Province
Congress
Province
Congress
Area-/
Canton Congress
Area-/
Canton Congress
Commune-/
Cottage Congress
Commune-/
Cottage Congress
Elections Population
Elections Population
Election
Directiv authority
State
State
Party
Party
StC = Standing Committe
Sec.= Secreteriat
Figure 2: The political and administrative system of the PRC.
Source: Pfennig et al (1983, p.22) and Heilmann, (2004, p.8)
The decided power for the economic system and for politics is the Secretary of the Polit Bureau.
The Polit Bureau is comprised of a standing committee (with seven members) of the Central
Committee (CC). According to Heilmann, this small group represents the power center of China
(2004, Herrschaft, ¶1). Herein basic decisions are prepared and decided. Ebbs and tides, moods
and trend-setting signals have to be carefully analyzed and take into account investment
decisions.
Research Paper "China" / MBA Financial and Investment Services
Page 5
1.2.3 People's Liberation Army
It is worth taking the time to shortly analyze the military institution of the PRC, the People's
Liberation Army (PLA). The institution plays an important enforcement role for the communist party
promoting their ideas. In history of the PRC, its extended military arm, the PLA, handled every
difficult political crisis. At the end of the sixties and also in 1989 (place of heaven-peace), the
political control of the party organization was broken down. And only the last functional state
institution, the PLA, was able to restore civil order (Heilmann, 2004, Volksbereiungsarmee, ¶ 1-3).
Finally Heilmann presumed that "no following government in China can stay in office, if there is no
support from the military" (Heilmann, ibid), an important insight for all investors, since China is
moving toward western-oriented reforms. In contrast however, the historical roots propagate non-
western-oriented culture. Social conflicts, which might require military intervention, may be
necessary, if the government doesn't achieve well-balanced reforms. This roughly characterizes
the current political system as experienced by most Chinese today. Some further reforms will be
described in the following chapter.
1.3
The Actual Chinese Political System Today
1.3.1 Economic reforms
Since the 1980s, the tenets in terms of Marxism-Leninism and the Mao-Zedong-ideas have been
in flux. The traditional Ideas and methods of socialism, are taking increasingly a back seat to the
goals of a modern economy and personal enrichment. The manifested constitution of 1982 and
the one-party-state are visibly becoming an anachronism. The picture of a communism-formed-
centralist state is most obviously reflected today at the low-wage level of the Chinese people.
Otherwise, modern China has actually experienced an economic growth of 9% p.a. [if calculated
from 1979, this corresponds to 700%!]. Moreover, the entire structure of the society has rapidly
adopted western standards (Lieberthal, 2004, p.22). Following examples in the table clarify this:
1998
2001
1998
2001
1998
2001
88,6 247,7 921,4 1117,9 136,7 1316
2,1
33,7
60
142,8
8,1
30,8
15
20,4
14,8
-
32,9
32,1
Internet users (millions)
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
Germany
USA
China
Fixed lines and mobiles telepones (per1,000 people)
Table 1:Economic Reform Indicators
Source: World Development Indicators database, August 2003)
Details
- Seiten
- Erscheinungsform
- Originalausgabe
- Jahr
- 2004
- ISBN (eBook)
- 9783832486327
- ISBN (Paperback)
- 9783838686325
- DOI
- 10.3239/9783832486327
- Dateigröße
- 1.6 MB
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Institution / Hochschule
- Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen; Standort Nürtingen – Fachbereich I
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 2005 (März)
- Note
- 1,5
- Schlagworte
- system china automobilindustrie direktinvestitionen
